EXPERT REPORT OF PATRICIA GURIN
Gratz, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75321 (E.D. Mich.)
Grutter, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75928 (E.D. Mich.)

Table C4 Democracy outcomes from the CIRP study among African-American and Latino students
	African Americans          Informal interaction diversity					Latinos          Informal interaction diversity
	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends
Four-year democracy outcomes: Citizenship engagement
Influencing the political structure
Influencing social values
Helping others in dificulty
Being involved in programs to clean up the environment
Participating in a community action program
Four-year democracy outcomes: Racial/cultural engagement
Promoting racial understanding
Cultural awareness and appreciation
Acceptance of persons from different races/cultures
	African Americans          Informal interaction diversity					Latinos          Informal interaction diversity
	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends
Nine-year democracy outcomes: Citizen engagement
Hours/week spent in volunteer work/community service
Number of community service activities participated in
Community service reason: To give me a chance to work with people different from me
Community service reason: To improve society as a whole
Community service reason: To improve my community
Community service reason: To fulfil my social responsibility
Influencing the political structure
Influencing social values
Helping others in difficulty
Being involved in programs to clean up the environment
Participating in a community action program
	African Americans          Informal interaction diversity					Latinos          Informal interaction diversity
	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends
Nine-year democracy outcomes: Racial/cultural engagement
Promoting racial understanding
Cultural awareness and appreciation
Acceptance of persons from different races/cultures
Notes: All outcome meaures reflect student growth since entering college. Details on the specific measurement approach used are found in Appendix C. Positive effects indicated by square; negative effects indicated by diamond. Nonsignificant effects (p > .10) not shown. "Classroom Diversity" was measured by the students’ enrollment in an ethnic studies course in college. "Workshop" refers to attendance at a racial/cultural awareness workshop in college. "Discussion" and "Socializing" were measured by the frequency with which the student "discussed racial/ethnic issues" and "socialized with someone of another racial/ethnic group" during college.

"Gurin" Table of Contents	|	Empirical Results Section

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